The Samsung Galaxy S21 features an AMOLED (Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode) display, which is a type of OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) display. OLED displays are different from traditional LCDs, as each pixel emits its own light in OLED technology, whereas LCDs use a backlight to illuminate the entire screen. Here's an overview of how OLED displays, like the one in the Samsung Galaxy S21, are made:
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Substrate Preparation: The process begins with two substrates, typically made of glass, plastic, or flexible materials like polyimide. These substrates are cleaned and inspected for defects.
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TFT Layer: A Thin Film Transistor (TFT) backplane is fabricated on one of the substrates. This TFT array serves as the control circuitry for the individual pixels in the display. It's typically made using low-temperature polysilicon (LTPS) technology.
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OLED Stack: On top of the TFT layer, multiple organic layers are deposited. These organic layers include the following:
- Anode Layer: This layer allows electrical current to pass into the OLED.
- Organic Emissive Layers: These are the layers that actually emit light when an electric current passes through them. Different organic materials are used to emit red, green, and blue light to create the full-color display.
- Cathode Layer: This layer allows electrons to flow out of the OLED.
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Encapsulation: To protect the organic layers from moisture and oxygen, an encapsulation layer is added. This layer is often made of glass or a flexible barrier material to ensure the OLEDs' long-term stability.
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Color Filters (optional): In some OLED displays, especially those used in smartphones, color filters may be added to enhance color accuracy and vibrancy. However, in many OLED displays, such as those used in Samsung Galaxy S series phones, each pixel emits its own color, eliminating the need for color filters.
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Testing and Inspection: The OLED panel undergoes extensive testing and quality control to identify and address any defects, dead pixels, or other issues.
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Final Assembly: Once the OLED panel is manufactured and tested, it is integrated into the smartphone's chassis, along with other components like touch sensors, protective glass, and the phone's frame.
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Quality Control: The final product is subject to further quality control checks to ensure it meets specified performance and durability standards.
OLED displays, like the one in the Samsung Galaxy S21, are known for their deep blacks, high contrast ratios, and vibrant colors. They are also thinner and more energy-efficient than traditional LCD displays. Samsung, in particular, is a leader in OLED display technology and has its own variations, such as Super AMOLED, which is often used in their flagship smartphones like the Galaxy S21.
Versions: SM-G991B, SM-G991B/DS (International); SM-G991U (USA); SM-G991U1 (USA unlocked); SM-G991W (Canada); SM-G991N (Korea); SM-G9910 (China)
Also known as Samsung Galaxy S21 4G
SM-G990F, SM-G990F/DS, SM-G991B, SM-G991B/DS, SM-G991U, SM-G991U1, SM-G991W, SM-G991N, SM-G9910
